As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. The segregation of Jews in ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior government officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. Eventually, thousands of camps and other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, triggering World War II, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. On 9–10 November 1938, eight months after Germany annexed Austria, Jewish businesses and other buildings were ransacked or set on fire throughout Germany and Austria on what became known as Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass"). After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler plenary powers, the government began isolating Jews from civil society this included boycotting Jewish businesses in April 1933 and enacting the Nuremberg Laws in September 1935. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as chancellor on 30 January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed "undesirable", starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. Germany implemented the persecution in stages. The murders were carried out in pogroms and mass shootings by a policy of extermination through labor in concentration camps and in gas chambers and gas vans in German extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bełżec, Chełmno, Majdanek, Sobibór, and Treblinka in occupied Poland. Between 19, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.
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